DISCOID MENISCUS

DISCOID MENISCUS - Every knee has a medial and lateral meniscus which are C-shaped pieces of fibrocartilage that absorb stress and act as cushions between the bones at the knee. At birth, the meniscus is not C-shaped, but discoid. With growth and walking, the discoid meniscus evolves into its normal C-shape. In some children, the lateral meniscus continues to stay discoid with growth. The incidence is approximately 3-5% of the population.

The most common presentation is a 6 to 8-year-old child with a "snapping" or a "clicking" in their knee as they walk. However, it is also possible for the onset to occur in early adolescent years when a child's sporting activities increase. A discoid meniscus is usually pain-free, and the clicking noise is what is noticed. In some instances, as the child grows older, the click increases and may cause recurrent locking, where they are unable to straighten or bend their knee fully. This will commonly also manifest as pain in the knee.

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY (CIPD)

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a neurological disorder -- a condition that targets your body’s nerves. Symptoms aren’t the same for everyone, but you may be tired and have areas of numbness and pain. It can slow your reflexes and make your arms and legs feel weak. You have to have symptoms for at least 8 weeks for CIDP to be considered the cause. 

Most people need treatment. And the sooner you begin it, the better the chance of a complete recovery. Sometimes symptoms go away for a long time but come back later. Anyone can get CIDP, but it’s most common in older adults, and more in men than women

MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS

Myositis ossificans is a condition where bone tissue forms inside muscle or other soft tissue after an injury. It tends to develop in young adults and athletes who are more likely to experience traumatic injuries. Myositis ossificans usually occurs where a person has experienced a single traumatic injury, such as sustaining a hit while playing football or soccer that causes a deep muscle bruise.

It can also happen when there is a repetitive injury to the same area, such as in the thighs of horseback riders. Very rarely, myositis ossificans can occur after a severe muscle strainRegardless of the cause, myositis ossificans happens when the body makes an error in the healing process. Muscle cells, also known as fibroblasts, are accidentally replaced by immature bone cells at the site of the injury. Eventually, this can cause a hard lump or bump to develop within the muscle. This is a gradual process and begins within a few weeks after the initial injury. It can be hard to predict who will get myositis ossificans, but the condition is more prevalent in active young adults and athletes.

CARPAL INSTABILITY

CARPAL INSTABILITY - Carpal instability is defined as an injury where there is a loss of normal alignment of the carpal bones and/ or the radioulnar joint. The loss creates a disturbance of the normal balance of the carpal- and radioulnar joints which results in changes to the range of motion. If undiagnosed, carpal instability can lead to progressive limitation of movement, and later to degenerative intercarpal and radiocarpal arthritis, chronic pain and disability Contact us at 011-45656944, 9868328426

ADDUCTOR TENDINOPATHY

A common source of groin pain is adductor tendinopathy. There are five hip adductor muscles: pectineus, adductor brevis and adductor longus (called short adductors) go from the pelvis to the thigh bone and the gracilis and adductor magnus (long adductors) go from the pelvis to the knee. The main function of these adductor muscles is to pull the legs together. They are also used quite a lot in sprinting, playing football, horse riding and hurdling. Tendon injuries (tendinopathies) are common. They can occur through overuse or as a result of a previous injury such as a groin strain.

SYMPTOMS

• Pain in the groin at the top of the adductor muscles that can radiate down the leg.

• Pain on resisted hip flexion.

• Pain at a specific point on the bone in the groin.

• Pain when you press the legs in together against resistance. 

• Have difficulty in running especially sprinting.

CHIARI MALFORMATION

Chiari malformation is a condition in which brain tissue extends into your spinal canal. It occurs when part of your skull is abnormally small or misshapen, pressing on your brain and forcing it downward. Chiari malformation is uncommon, but increased use of imaging tests have led to more frequent diagnoses. Doctors categorize Chiari malformation into three types, depending on the anatomy of the brain tissue that is displaced into the spinal canal, and whether developmental abnormalities of the brain or spine are present. Chiari malformation type I develops as the skull and brain are growing. As a result, signs and symptoms may not occur until late childhood or adulthood. The pediatric forms, Chiari malformation type II and type III, are present at birth.

STEROID-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS

Steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIOP) is osteoporosis arising due to use of glucocorticoids (steroid hormones) - analogous to Cushing's syndrome and involving mainly the axial skeleton. The synthetic glucocorticoid prescription drug prednisone is a main candidate after prolonged intake.

Mechanisms of SIOP include:

• Direct inhibition of osteoblast function
• Direct enhancement of bone resorption
• Inhibition of gastrointestinal calcium absorption
• Increased urine calcium loss
• Inhibition of sex steroids

HAMMER TOE

A hammer toe is a deformity that causes your toe to bend or curl downward instead of pointing forward. This deformity can affect any toe on your foot. It most often affects the second or third toe. Although a hammer toe may be present at birth, it usually develops over time due to arthritis or wearing ill-fitting shoes, such as tight, pointed heels. In most cases, a hammer toe condition is treatable.

Common causes of this include:

• a traumatic toe injury

• arthritis

• an unusually high foot arch

• wearing shoes that don’t fit properly

• tightened ligaments or tendons in the foot

• pressure from a bunion, which is when your big toe points inward toward your second toe

TENNIS LEG

TENNIS LEG - The term Tennis Leg refers to an acute medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle tear in the older athlete characterized by sudden onset of severe calf pain and significant disability. The injury is invariably associated with extensive bruising and swelling, and can be mistaken for a deep venous thrombosis. The most common site is the medial head of gastrocnemius, but occasionally the plantaris muscle is involved. Symptoms are a sudden, sharp or burning pain in the leg, sometimes accompanied by an audible sound. In most cases, the player is unable to continue play because of the severe pain. Depending on the severity of the injury, recovery may take between a few days and six weeks.

PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME

PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME - Piriformis syndrome is a condition in which the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock region, spasms and causes buttock pain. The piriformis muscle can also irritate the nearby sciatic nerve and cause pain, numbness and tingling along the back of the leg and into the foot.The piriformis muscle is a small muscle located deep in the buttock.

The exact causes of piriformis syndrome are unknown. Suspected causes include:

- Muscle spasm in the piriformis muscle, either because of irritation in the piriformis muscle itself, or irritation of a nearby structure such as the sacroiliac joint or hip

- Tightening of the muscle, in response to injury or spasm

- Swelling of the piriformis muscle, due to injury or spasm

- Bleeding in the area of the piriformis muscle.

FROZEN SHOULDER REHABILITATION

FROZEN SHOULDER Symptoms Frozen shoulder typically develops slowly, and in three stages. Each stage can last a number of months. #Freezing stage#. Any movement of your shoulder causes pain, and your shoulder's range of motion starts to become limited. #Frozen stage#. Pain may begin to diminish during this stage. However, your shoulder becomes stiffer, and using it becomes more difficult. #Thawing stage#. The range of motion in your shoulder begins to improve.

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CERVICAL DEGENERATIVE DISC DISEASE

NECK PAIN \ CERVICAL PAIN - The cervical spine in your neck is made up of seven bones called vertebrae, which are separated by discs filled with a cushioning gel-like substance. Your cervical discs both stabilise your neck and allow it to turn smoothly from side to side and bend forward to back.The space between the vertebrae narrows and nerve roots become pinched. This process is known as cervical degenerative disc disease. As degenerative disc disease progresses, the neck becomes less flexible, and you may feel neck pain and stiffness, especially towards the end of the day. The most common and obvious symptoms of cervical degenerative disc disease are neck pain and a stiff neck. When one of these conditions presses on one or more of the many nerves running through the spinal cord, you also can develop pain, numbness, or weakness radiating down your shoulder, arm, and hand.

COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME

COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSD) is a disorder that causes lasting pain, usually in an arm or leg, and it shows up after an injury, stroke, or even heart attack. But the severity of pain is typically worse than the original injury itself. The term reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome is actually not a name that doctors use anymore. It’s an older term used to describe one form of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). RSD is sometimes called Type I CRPS, and it’s caused by injury to tissue with no related nerve damage.

When you get hurt, your sympathetic nervous system tells your bloodvessels to get smaller so you don’t lose too much blood at your injury site. Later, it tells them to open back up so blood can get to damaged tissue and repair it.

When you have RSD, your sympathetic nervous system gets mixed signals. It turns on after an injury, but doesn’t turn back off. This causes a lot of pain and swelling at your injury site.

PATIENT REVIEW -INDRAPRASTH PHYSIOTHERAPY CENTRE

NUMBNESS IN FOOT

NUMBNESS IN FOOT - Numbness in your foot may be a temporary condition or it can be the result of a chronic condition, such as diabetes. The symptom can also be progressive. You may begin to lose some sensation in your foot then slowly lose more and more feeling as time goes on.The chief symptom for numbness in your foot is losing sensation in your foot. This affects your sense of touch and balance because you can’t feel your foot’s position against the ground.

While sensation loss is the main symptom of numbness in your foot, you may experience some additional, abnormal sensations. 
These include: 
- prickling 
- pins-and-needles sensation 
- tingling 
- weak-feeling foot or feet 

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NOCTURNAL LEG CRAMPS

NOCTURNAL LEG CRAMPS - Nocturnal leg cramps are pains that occur in the legs during the night. They usually cause awakenings from sleep, but they may also occur while awake at night during periods of inactivity. These cramps mostly happen in the calf muscles but can also occur in the thighs or feet. Nocturnal leg cramps are quite painful and cause the affected muscles to feel tight or knotted. Symptoms may last from several seconds up to several minutes. There might also be muscle soreness after the cramp goes away. Nocturnal leg cramps are more common in adults over age 50, but they also do occur in younger adults and children. Both men and women seem to be equally affected.

The cause of nocturnal leg cramps is often times unknown, but some cases have been linked to:

• Sitting for long periods of time 
• Over-exertion of the muscles 
• Standing or working on concrete floors 
• Sitting improperly

SCOLIOSIS SIGN & SYMPTOMS

Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. While scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the cause of most scoliosis is unknown. Most cases of scoliosis are mild, but some children develop spine deformities that continue to get more severe as they grow. Severe scoliosis can be disabling. An especially severe spinal curve can reduce the amount of space within the chest, making it difficult for the lungs to function properly

Signs and symptoms of scoliosis may include:

• Uneven shoulders
• One shoulder blade that appears more prominent than the other
• Uneven waist
• One hip higher than the other

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

Spondylolysis is a crack or stress fracture in one of the vertebrae, the small bones that make up the spinal column. The injury most often occurs in children and adolescents who participate in sports that involve repeated stress on the lower back, such as gymnastics, football, and weight lifting. In some cases, the stress fracture weakens the bone so much that it is unable to maintain its proper position in the spine—and the vertebra starts to shift or slip out of place. This condition is called spondylolisthesis. In spondylolisthesis, the fractured pars interarticularis separates, allowing the injured vertebra to shift or slip forward on the vertebra directly below it. In children and adolescents, this slippage most often occurs during periods of rapid growth—such as an adolescent growth spurt.

WALKING WITHOUT ANY SUPPORT

ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT (RTA) PATIENT REHABILITATION

ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT (RTA) PATIENT REHABILITATION: Road Traffic increasing in numbers day by day. Sometimes these accidents causes major Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries for which patient have to undergo so many surgeries. Rehabilitation plays a very important role after these surgeries to go back to normal life. Rehabilitation centers helps to manage pain by use of modalities and exercise program post-trauma that may have occurred due to Road Traffic Accidents. Many techniques are available these days for managing postoperative pain and discomfort due to phantom limb. Some of the techniques include interferential therapy and TENS therapy powered by electric currents that produce therapeutic effects.

Young adults are usually more at risk of such injuries. About 40% of these accidents lead to poor physical and mental status. Rehabilitation experts can help regain bodily functions and gain movements by coping with weakness and paralysis of limbs. Daily rehabilitation and exercises with mental support patient can get back to his normal life.

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HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE

Huntington's disease is an inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington's disease has a broad impact on a person's functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking and psychiatric disorders. Impairments in voluntary movements, rather than the involuntary movements, may have a greater impact on a person's ability to work, perform daily activities, communicate and remain independent.

• Involuntary jerking or writhing movements (chorea)
• Muscle problems, such as rigidity or muscle contracture (dystonia)
• Slow or abnormal eye movements
• Impaired gait, posture and balance
• Difficulty with the physical production of speech or swallowing
• Difficulty organizing, prioritizing or focusing on tasks
• Lack of flexibility or the tendency to get stuck on a thought, behavior or action (perseveration)
• Lack of impulse control that can result in outbursts, acting without thinking and sexual promiscuity
• Lack of awareness of one's own behaviors and abilities
• Slowness in processing thoughts or ''finding'' words
• Difficulty in learning new information

HYPERTONIC CP

Hypertonic CP is most often caused by brain damage before, during, or shortly after birth. Brain damage can occur from a variety of reasons, including asphyxia at birth, infant stroke and/or infections, maternal infections, mutations, and accidents causing traumatic head injuries. 

Signs and symptoms to look out for include: 

- Awkward uncomfortable movements 

- Muscle resistance when attempting to move 

- Muscle spasms and spastic movements 

- Scissor-like movements in the legs 

- Poor balance 

- Random contractions in the muscles at any given time 

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CEREBRAL PALSY MUSCLES STRENGTHENING RESULT

SCOLIOSIS

CHIROPRACTIC REVIEW - DR ABHISHEK PRATAP

STROKE

STROKE - A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. A stroke is a medical emergency. Prompt treatment is crucial. Early action can minimize brain damage and potential complications. A stroke may be caused by a blocked artery (ischemic stroke) or the leaking or bursting of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Some people may experience only a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain (transient ischemic attack, or TIA) that doesn't cause permanent damage.

CAUSES

- Blood pressure readings higher than 120/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)- Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke- High cholesterol- Diabetes- Obstructive sleep apnea- Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, heart defects, heart infection or abnormal heart rhythm- Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack or transient ischemic attack.

PREPATELLAR / KNEE BURSITIS

KNEE / PREPATELLAR BURSITIS - A trauma to the knee can result in damage to a prepatellar bursa, causing it to fill with blood and its lining to become inflamed. Even though the body reabsorbs the blood, the bursa lining may stay inflamed, causing knee bursitis symptoms. Bursitis is often caused by frequent "mini-traumas," which can cause the same problems as a single, more serious trauma. People who kneel a lot - people who install carpets, for example - may develop bursitis in their knees. A prepatellar bursa can become inflamed as the result of another condition, such as knee osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or pseudogout.

AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS, is a progressive nervous system (neurological) disease that destroys nerve cells and causes disability. ALS often begins with muscle twitching and weakness in a limb, or slurred speech. Eventually, ALS affects control of the muscles needed to move, speak, eat and breathe. 

Early signs and symptoms of ALS include:

• Difficulty walking or doing your normal daily activities
• Tripping and falling
• Weakness in your leg, feet or ankles
• Hand weakness or clumsiness
• Slurred speech or trouble swallowing
• Muscle cramps and twitching in your arms, shoulders and tongue
• Difficulty holding your head up or keeping good posture