Kyphoscoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder, which is a combination of kyphosis and scoliosis where there is abnormal posterior and sideways curvature of the spine in both the coronal as well as the sagittal planes. Kyphoscoliosis commonly causes other problems, such as pulmonary hypertension, under-ventilation of lungs, psychological problems, such as anxiety, difficulty in doing activities of daily living. Kyphoscoliosis can also occur in other medical conditions, such as syringomyelia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy because of asymmetric weakening in the paraspinal muscles. Kyphoscoliosis occurring during the growth period without any obvious cause is termed as Idiopathic Kyphoscoliosis. Diseases of the spinal muscles and vertebrae can also cause Kyphoscoliosis. Causes of Kyphosis include nutritional deficiencies, congenital, post-traumatic and osteoporosis induced.
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